This type of problem is primarily physical rather than biological. It indicates a high concentration of suspended solids (SS) in the water column.
These materials may include:
- of mineral origin: fine clays, silts, particles resulting from the erosion of soil or riverbanks,
- of organic origin: plant debris, excrement, decomposing matter, biofilm.
In many cases, water exists in a colloidal state. The very fine particles carry a similar electrical charge and repel one another, preventing any natural settling.
They thus remain in permanent suspension, keeping the water cloudy.
When the organic fraction is dominant, this condition also indicates insufficient microbial activity: the natural breakdown of organic matter can no longer keep pace with the amount being produced.
This profile is common in water bodies subject to high organic loading, low water circulation, or regular erosion.