The situation is critical and often changes very quickly:
- Fish are found dead on the surface or on the bottom, sometimes in large numbers within a few hours. The carcasses may show no visible signs of injury.
- The surviving fish crowd at the surface, mouths wide open, desperately trying to gulp in oxygen from the air.
- Severe lethargy (the fish do not scatter), erratic swimming on their sides, or gathering at the water inlets.
- Very pale gills or, conversely, bright red gills; exophthalmos (bulging eyes); or localized skin redness.
